Sustainable City Development

UN-Habitat has identified multi-hazard vulnerabilities, urban sprawl, weak urban mobility and “green-blue disconnect” as the pressing issues for Jaipur city.

UN-Habitat has based its findings on a Sustainable Cities Integrated Approach Pilot (SCIAP) project, as part of which the “sustainable urban planning and management” component was implemented in collaboration with the Jaipur Development Authority and Jaipur Greater Municipal Corporation.

Sustainable city: 

A sustainable city is one designed to address social, environmental, and economic impact through urban planning and city management. A sustainable city offers a good quality of life to current residents but doesn't reduce the opportunities for future residents to enjoy. 

Key sustainability issues faced by Indian cities :

Climate change: 

✓Cities are one of the main contributors to India’s GHG emissions through industrial, vehicular and domestic emissions, energy demands, changes in land use etc. 

✓Urban areas/cities are highly vulnerable to climate change events like flooding, sea level rise, cyclones, heat waves, water stress, among others. 

✓ Burdened infrastructure, congestion and traffic. 

✓ Declining green (trees, parks, fields etc.) and blue (lakes, ponds etc.) spaces which increases threats like urban flooding, Heat island effect etc. 

✓ Threats to people’s physical and mental wellbeing due to deterioration of air and water quality, light and noise pollution, lack of green spaces etc. 

✓ Lack of affordable housing pushing marginalized populations into disaster prone areas and informal settlements. 

✓ High waste generation and limited capacity to collect and utilize solid and liquid waste. 

Key barriers in sustainable cities development in India:

✓ Low environmental awareness of urban population resulting in unsustainable lifestyle. 

✓ Inefficient funding for necessary investments which are not economically viable. 

✓Segmented approach in city’s political and operational structures result in poor integration of plans and actions. 

✓Insufficient transfer of knowledge on sustainability management and sectoral solutions, which are needed for improving environmental performance. 

✓Lack of integrated planning resulting to sustainable development strategies not being largely taken into account in development plans and not being addressed cohesively in different policy areas.  

Way Forward:

✓Increasing nature in city’s infrastructure and built environment through nature-based solutions (NbS) for infrastructure. 

✓Improving Urban governance models by mainstreaming citizens health and wellbeing and biodiversity in decision-making.

✓Adopting systems approach in which complex interactions between systems (e.g. healthcare, education and environment,) are mapped, and the outcomes of each action are measured and reported in totality. 

✓Prioritizing circular economy and bio-inspired innovations for economic competitiveness. 

✓Utilizing novel investment models like Debt-for-nature swaps. 

Integrating Energy Use, Transport and Urban Planning

While infrastructure development is the key component to building livable and sustainable cities, energy is the fuel to keep the city running. From telecommunication systems, freight railroads, hospitals, schools, transportation, water and sewage network, buildings and parks, energy is a fundamental pillar of any economy. Electricity is the most commonly used form of energy in residential, commercial and industrial sectors. The International Energy Agency (IEA) has called electricity “crucial to human development” and “one of the clearest and undistorted indications of a country’s energy poverty status.” Experience from the recent pandemic further demonstrates the importance of electricity to all economic activity, prosperity, livelihoods and human well-being. 

Further, there is a desire and ambition to transition to “Net Zero” as articulated by the Government and private sector. Net-zero refers to a state in which the amount of carbon emitted by a country into the atmosphere is offset by absorbing an equivalent amount of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. At the 26th Conference of Parties (COP26), India committed to a net-zero carbon emissions target by 2070. Given that India will continue to urbanize rapidly, it is possible for the Indian cities to adopt sustainability targets including the “Net Zero” goal well ahead of the national target by 2070. Achieving “Net Zero” by 2070 will require cities to take lead and adopt ambitious targets.

India has transitioned from an electricity deficient economy to a one with significant surplus and exports. However, the transition to Net Zero will require significant investments and institutional capacity to deploy clean energy projects, and strengthen the electricity grid. Downstream investments in the distribution systems will be crucial even though the grid has expanded to connect most households. The recent supply-side constraints due to fuel-related challenges, however, highlight the need for further reforms in the sector.

The increase in electricity coverage has however not been accompanied by improvement in the quality of power supply. India ranks 80 out of 137 countries on the quality of electricity supply (World Economic Forum, 2018). High losses and tariff below costs mean that distribution companies (Discoms) are unable to invest in network upgrades and maintenance. Achieving sustainable urbanization will require high-quality electricity as cities expand vertically, 24x7 operations become the norm and the digitalization levels expand with 5G networks. These trends will further accelerate with wider adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT), digital security systems and integrated utility management platforms (on the Integrated Resource Management principle).

Cities thrive on movement - it enables interactions, trade, and livelihoods. Transport is thus a key enabler for the cities. Traditional urban planning in India often ignored this critical dimension, though transport started to feature prominently in the urban discussions over the last two decades. Despite several interventions, the implementation of reforms has been challenging, resulting in a significant gap in the provision of safe and sustainable public transport. Advancements in the electric drive train and battery storage in the last few years mean that electric vehicles are increasingly available and economical, especially for public transport. 

The recent tender floated by Convergence Energy Services Ltd (CESL) for 5,450 electric buses, discovered very competitive prices, close to the operational cost of diesel buses. Therefore, the interlinkages between transport and electricity are expected to increase. The imminent electrification of the transport sector and centrality of electricity in the urban development and sustainability means that the integration of energy in policies and planning for cities is an unrealized opportunity. 

Indian cities have till now not placed due emphasis on sustainability. Further, fractured mandates across multiple agencies, lack of coordination across departments and a short-term “bandage approach” to infrastructure development have led to suboptimal outcomes. This approach has undermined sustainability, and compromised resilience and the quality of life. Limited budgets and the lack of financial autonomy at the municipal level have also been a barrier to high-quality infrastructure development and adequate focus on sustainability.

Transferable Development Rights (TDR)

Transferable Development Rights (TDR) means an award specifying the Built-Up Area (BUA) an owner of a site or plot can either sell or utilize - in-situ / elsewhere, in lieu of the land foregone on account of surrendering / gifting land free of cost to the ULB’s (Municipal Body, Urban Improvement Trust, Urban Development Authority), required to be set apart for public purpose as per the Master Plan or for road widening, recreational use zone, etc. The award is in the form of a TDR Certificate issued by the Competent Authority. The TDR Certificate inter-alia should mention the area surrendered and the cost of that area as per the circle rate. These certificates are regulated under the building Bye-Laws or in conjunction with TDR guidelines framed by State Governments from time-to-time.

TDR is a technique of land development, which separates the development potential of a particular parcel of land from it and allows its use elsewhere within the defined zones of the city. It allows the owner to sell the development rights of a particular parcel of land to another. This entitlement is over and above the usual FSI available for receiving plot in accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations, which entitles a landowner to construct additional built‐up area on his existing building or vacant land. This is generally used for redevelopment of inner-city zones and for reconstruction/ re‐ development and has been tried out in numerous cities/ States. However, it has its prospects and consequences as experienced from the implementation in various cities. For instance, unbridled pooling of TDRs could damage the urban form, TOD strategies, quality of public spaces, etc. Hence it should be used carefully within a predefined spatial framework.

Swachhotsav 2023

Swachhotsav 2023 was launched by Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) on International Zero Waste Day (IZWD) 2023. Swachhotsav campaign aims at galvanizing participation and leadership of women to realize the goal of ‘Garbage Free Cities’.  The first IZWD has been jointly facilitated by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat).  MoHUA said that 1,000 cities are targeted to become 3-star Garbage Free Cities (GFC) by October 2024 under the Swachh Bharat Mission Urban (SBM-U) 2.0.  GFC-Star rating protocol was launched in 2018 under SBM-U 2.0 to encourage a competitive, mission-mode spirit among Urban Local Bodies (ULBs).

Key achievements under SBM-U:

✓Urban India has become Open Defecation Free (ODF).

✓ All 4,715 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) completely ODF,

✓ 3,547 ULBs are ODF+ with functional and hygienic community and public toilets and

✓ 1,191 ULBs are ODF++ with complete faecal sludge management.

✓ Waste processing in India has gone up by over four times from 17% in 2014 to 75% today.

About SBM-U 2.0:

✓ It is being implemented as a centrally sponsored scheme by MoHUA and envisages to make all cities ‘Garbage Free’.

✓ It focuses on source segregation of solid waste, utilizing the principles of 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle), etc for effective solid waste management.

Water Bodies - First Census Report

For the first time in the history of the country, the Ministry of Jal Shakti has conducted the first-ever census of water bodies across the nation. The census provides a comprehensive inventory of India's water resources, including natural and man-made water bodies like ponds, tanks, lakes, and more, and to collect data on the encroachment of water bodies. The Census also highlighted disparities between rural and urban areas and varying levels of encroachment and revealed crucial insights into the country's water resources.

The census was launched under the centrally sponsored scheme, “Irrigation Census” in convergence with the 6th Minor Irrigation Census in order to have a comprehensive national database of all water bodies. The information on all important aspects of the water bodies including their type, condition, status of encroachments, use, storage capacity, status of filling up of storage, etc was collected. It covered all the water bodies located in rural as well as urban areas that are in-use or not in-use. The census also took into account all type of uses of water bodies like irrigation, industry, pisciculture, domestic/ drinking, recreation, religious, ground water recharge etc. Census has been successfully completed and the All India and State-wise reports have been published.

The key features/findings of the Census are as follows:

> 24,24,540 water bodies have been enumerated in the country, out of which 97.1% (23,55,055) are in rural areas and only 2.9% (69,485) are in urban areas.

> Top 05 States in terms of number of water bodies are West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and Assam which constitute around 63% of the total water bodies in the country.

> Top 05 States in terms of number of water bodies in urban areas are West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh and Tripura, whereas in rural areas, top 05 States are West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and Assam.

> 59.5% of water bodies are ponds, followed by tanks (15.7%), reservoirs (12.1%), Water conservation schemes/percolation tanks/check dams (9.3%), lakes (0.9%) and others (2.5%).

> 55.2% of water bodies are owned by private entities whereas 44.8% of water bodies are in the domain of public ownership.

> Out of all public owned water bodies, maximum water bodies are owned by Panchayats, followed by State Irrigation/State WRD.

> Out of all private owned water bodies, maximum water bodies are in hands of Individual owner/farmer followed by group of individuals and other private bodies.

> Top 05 States which lead in the private owned water bodies are West Bengal, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and Jharkhand.

> Out of all 'in use' water bodies, major water bodies are reported to be used in pisciculture followed by Irrigation.

> Top 05 States wherein major use of water bodies is in pisciculture are West Bengal, Assam, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh;

> Top 05 States wherein major use of water bodies is in irrigation are Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, West Bengal and Gujarat.

> 78% water bodies are man-made water bodies whereas 22% are natural water bodies. 1.6% (38,496) water bodies out of all the enumerated water bodies are reported to be encroached out of which 95.4% are in rural areas and remaining 4.6% in urban areas.

> The information on water spread area was reported in respect of 23,37,638 water bodies. Out of these water bodies, 72.4% have water spread area less than 0.5 hectare, 13.4% have water spread area between 0.5-1 hectare, 11.1% have water spread area between 1-5 hectares and remaining 3.1% of water bodies have water spread area more than 5 hectares.

Smart Cities Mission

Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs informed that 86% of funds have been utilised and 69% of projects completed under Smart Cities Mission.

About Smart Cities Mission:

>  Smart Cities Mission is Centrally Sponsored Scheme launched in 2015 under Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.

>  The main objective of the Mission is to promote cities that provide core infrastructure, clean and sustainable environment and give a decent quality of life to their citizens through the application of‘smart solutions’.

>  100 cities have been selected to be developed as Smart Cities.

Mission comprises 3 model:

* City improvement (retrofitting),

* City renewal (redevelopment)

* City extension (greenfield development).

>  The Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) is created by each city to implement the Smart Cities Mission (SCM) at the city level.

* The SPV will be a limited company incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 at the city-level, in which the State/UT and the ULB will be the promoters having 50:50 equity shareholding.

* The private sector or financial institutions could be considered for taking equity stake in the SPV, provided the shareholding pattern of 50:50 of the State/UT and the ULB is maintained and the State/UT and the ULB together have majority shareholding and control of the SPV.

Issues in Smart Cities Mission:

>  Lack of Suitable Infrastructure for Smart Cities: Smart city initiatives need the support of physical and IT infrastructure.

> Transparency and Data Privacy: Smart cities rely on gathering and analysing data from various sources which can cause privacy issues.

> Financing: Maintaining smart cities requires a lot of resources and not all cities have the financial capacity to enact smart city initiatives.

> Data Processing Capacity and Efficiency: Smart cities need a reliable and efficient way to process and analyze massive amounts of data.

> Slow progress: Only around 20 cities are likely to meet the June 2023 deadline; the rest will need more time.  The sluggish pace of progress suggests that the project management and execution are inadequate, leading to a wastage of resources and causing delayed benefits for the citizens.

> Against decentralization: SPVs limit the powers and autonomy of local governments. This goes against the 74th Amendment Act, 1992 which encourages decentralization.

Suggestions:

>  Strict Timeline for Completion of Projects: Smart Cities Mission has completed only 69% of the planned projects, indicating the need for a strict timeline for project completion. It is essential to ensure that the projects are completed on time to achieve the desired results.

>  Need for a Long-Term Program: Smart Cities Mission should be a long-term program, not restricted to five or six years as currently envisioned. This will provide sufficient time to address the social and economic problems facing these towns and cities.

>  Building Managerial and Financial Capacities: Training programs should be organized to build the managerial and financial capacities of the staff employed by the Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) and urban local bodies.

> Empirical Studies on SPVs: Empirical studies should be undertaken on the SPVs in cities that lag behind in implementation to understand the reasons for the delay.

> Mobilising Funds: The Centre, state governments, and urban local bodies should make a greater effort to mobilize funds for the Smart Cities Mission. More revenue needs to be generated through efficient taxation, and alternate sources of financing.

> Ensuring Cyber Security: Smart cities should be made cyber secure by ensuring data security and encryption.

PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA (URBAN) (PMAY-U)

It is a flagship Mission launched in 2015 with objective “Housing for all”.  The Mission addresses urban housing shortage among the Economically Weaker Section (EWS)/ Lower Income Group (LIG) and Middle Income Group (MIG) categories including the slum dwellers. It adopts a demand driven approach wherein the Housing shortage is decided based on demand assessment by States/Union Territories. This scheme is Implemented by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA). This scheme is Covered at  Entire urban area consisting of Statutory Towns, Notified Planning Areas, Development Authorities, Special Area Development Authorities, Industrial Development Authorities or any such authority under State legislation which is entrusted with the functions of urban planning and regulations. The duration of the Mission was initially seven years from FY 2015-16 to FY 2021-22.  The Mission has now been extended up to 31st December, 2024 with all verticals except Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS) vertical to complete houses sanctioned up to 31 March 2022.

PMAY (U) is being implemented through the following four verticals:

Critical Observation of Committee of PMAY-U :

 Gap in housing demand assessment: Actual demand for housing under the scheme stands at 1.23 crore and not the estimated 2 crore. 

Lack of basic amenities: As of December 2022, 5.6 lakh houses were not delivered to beneficiaries due to lack of basic services. 

Timeline for grounding and completion: Only 87% sanctioned houses have been grounded till December 2022 and 61 lakh houses have been delivered to beneficiaries.  As of October 2022, less than 50% of houses have been completed in north eastern states (except Tripura) due to geographical and economic reasons. 

High-cost burden on beneficiary: Some states such as Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, and Rajasthan are not providing their share. As a result, the average beneficiary contribution comes about to 60%. 

Emphasis on BLC: Majority of the urban homeless are also landless and purchasing land in an urban area is more challenging than constructing a house on it. Therefore, the over emphasis on BLC vertical dilutes the objective of the scheme. 

Low sanctioning of houses under ISSR vertical: The number of houses sanctioned under it is low. Against a demand of 14.35 lakh houses, only 30% were sanctioned.

Suggestions by the Parliamentary Standing committee on Housing and Urban Affairs:

Focus on Outcome Rather Than Output: The committee suggests that the focus should shift from the number of houses completed to the number of houses actually occupied by beneficiaries. 

Involvement of Beneficiaries: Beneficiaries should be identified prior to construction, involved as stakeholders from the initiation of the project, and their feedback should be acknowledged and acted upon throughout the project to avoid later issues with unoccupied housing. 

Collating Data on De-Notification of Slums-Land: The committee recommends that the Ministry should collate data on the impact of ISSR vertical in terms of de-notification of slums by States and place the same before the Committee. 

Impact Assessment and Necessary Changes: The Ministry needs to conduct an impact assessment and accordingly extend the scheme with necessary changes or formulate another scheme to provide housing for the urban poor. 

Strict Timelines for Construction: The Ministry should ensure strict timelines for starting and completing the construction of houses. 

Varying Central Assistance Based on State Factors: Uniform and fixed central assistance across states may be removed and should vary according to factors such as a state's topography. 

Smoothening of Pre-Construction Processes: Availability of land, seeking statutory clearances, and clearing slums must be smoothened before starting the project.

Classification of Industry into Red, Orange, Green and White Category

 The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change in consultation with Central Pollution Control Board has reclassified the industries into “Red”, “Orange”, “Green” and “White” category, as part of policies and objective of government to promote ‘Ease of Doing Responsible Business.

The Pollution Index PI of any industrial sector is a number from 0 to 100 and the increasing value of PI denotes the increasing degree of pollution load from the industrial sector. Based on the series of brain storming sessions among CPCB, SPCBs and MoEFCC , the following criteria on  ‘Range of Pollution Index ‘for the purpose of categorization of  industrial sectors is finalized.

Industrial Sectors having Pollution Index score of 60 and above –  Red category

Industrial Sectors having Pollution Index score of  41 to 59      –  Orange category

Industrial Sectors having Pollution Index score of  21 to 40      –  Green category

Industrial Sectors having Pollution Index score incl &upto 20    –  White category

Projects under the new category of “white”, which is practically non-polluting, will not require either Environmental Clearance under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or Consent under Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.

List of White Category Industries

Sl. No.	Industry Sector
1.	Air coolers /conditioners
2.	Bicycles, baby carriages
3.	Bailing of waste papers
4.	Bio fertilizer /bio-pesticides
5.	Biscuits trays
6.	Blending / packing of tea
7.	Block making of printing
8.	Chalk making
9.	Compressed oxygen gas
10.	Cotton and woolen hosiers
11.	Diesel pump repairing
12.	Electric lamp ( bulb) and CFL
13.	Electrical and electronic item
14.	Engineering and fabrication units
15.	Flavoured betel nuts
16.	Fly ash bricks/ block
17.	Fountain pen
18.	Glass ampules
19.	Glass putty and sealant
20.	Ground nut decorticating
21.	Handloom/ carpet weaving
22.	Leather cutting and stitching
23.	Coir items from coconut husks
24.	Metal caps containers etc
25.	Shoe brush and wire brush
26.	Medical oxygen
27.	Organic and inorganic nutrients
28.	Organic manure
29.	Packing of powdered milk
30.	Paper pins and u clips
31.	Repairing of electric motors /generators
32.	Rope (plastic and cotton)
33.	Scientific and mathematical instrument
34.	Solar module non-conventional energy apparatus
35.	Solar power generation through solar photovoltaic cell, wind power and mini hydel power (less than 25 MW)
36.	Surgical and medical products assembling

List of Red Category of Industries 

Sl No.	Industry Sector	Sl No.	Industry Sector
1	Isolated storage of hazardous chemicals	39	Yarn / Textile processing
2	Automobile Manufacturing (integrated)	40	Chlor Alkali
3	Hazardous waste recycling  (Spent cleared metal catalyst )	41	Ship Breaking
4	Lubricating oils  and grease mfg.	42	Oil and gas extraction
5	DG Set  (> 5 MVA)	43	Metal surface treatment
6	Carbon black & allied	44	Tanneries
7	Lead acid battery	45	Ports /harbor/jetties
8	Phosphate rock processing	46	Synthetic fibers
9	Power generation plant	47	Thermal Power Plants
10	Hazardous Waste Recyclers (Spent catalyst)	48	Slaughter house
11	Chlorinated hydrocarbons	49	Aluminium Smelter
12	Sugar	50	Copper Smelter
13	Fibre glass production	51	Fertilizer (basic)
14	Fire crackers	52	Integrated Iron & Steel
15	E-Waste Recyclers	53	Pulp & Paper ( bleaching)
15	Milk and dairy products	54	Zinc Smelter
17	Phosphorous	55	Oil Refinery
18	Pulp & Paper	56	Petrochemicals
19	Coke making	57	Pharmaceuticals
20	Explosives / detonators	58	Pulp & Paper ( Large-Agro + wood),
21	Paints varnishes, pigments	59	Distillery
22	Organic Chemicals	60	Railway locomotive work shop/  service centers
23	Airports and Commercial Air Strips
24	Asbestos
25	Basic chemicals
26	Cement
27	Chlorates, per-chlorates & peroxides
28	Chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine
29	Dyes and Dye- Intermediates
30	Health-care Establishment
31	Hotels (Big)
32	Lead acid battery -recyclers
33	Waste electrical and electronic recyclers
34	Glue and gelatin
35	Mining and ore beneficiation
36	Nuclear power plant
37	Pesticides
38	Photographic film /chemicals

List of Orange  Category of Industries 

Sl. No.	Industry Sector	Sl. No.	Industry Sector
1	Almirah, Grill Manufacturing	43	Large Cotton spinning and weaving
2	Aluminium & copper extraction from scrap	44	Lime manufacturing (using lime kiln)
3	Automobile servicing, repairing	45	Liquid floor cleaner, black phenyl
4	Ayurvedic and homeopathic medicine	46	Manufacturing of glass
5	Brickfields	47	Manufacturing of mirror from sheet glass
6	Building and construction  >20,000 sq. m	48	Manufacturing of mosquito repellent coil
7	Cashew nut processing	49	Manufacturing of Starch/Sago
8	Ceramics and Refractories	50	Mechanized laundry using oil fired boiler
9	Chanachur and ladoo using husk fired oven	51	Medium scale Hotels
10	Coal washeries	52	Modular wooden furniture
11	Coated electrode	53	New highway construction project
12	Coffee seed processing	54	Non-alcoholic beverages(soft drink)
13	Compact disc computer floppy	55	Paint blending and mixing (Ball mill)
14	Copper waste recyclers	56	Paints and varnishes (mixing and blending)
15	Dairy and dairy products ( small scale)	57	Parboiled Rice Mills
16	DG set ( >1MVA but < 5MVA)	58	Pharmaceutical formulation
17	Dismantling of rolling stocks	59	Ply-board manufacturing
18	Dry cell battery	60	Potable alcohol ( IMFL) by blending
19	Dry coal / mineral processing	61	Printing ink manufacturing
20	Fermentation (Extra Neutral Alcohol)	62	Printing or etching of glass sheet
21	Ferrous and Non- ferrous metal extraction	63	Printing press
22	Fertilizer (granulation / formulation / blending	64	Producer gas plant
23	Fish feed, poultry feed and cattle feed	65	Recyclers – used oils
24	Fish processing and packing	66	REcyclers – waste oils
25	Flakes from rejected PET bottle	67	Recycling  – Paint and ink Sludge
26	Foam manufacturing	68	Reprocessing of waste plastic /PVC
27	Food and food processing	69	Rolling mill (oil or coal fired)
28	Forging of ferrous and non- ferrous	70	Silica gel
29	Formulation/pelletization of camphor tablets etc.	71	Silk /saree screen printing
30	Glass ceramics, earthen potteries and tile	72	Spray painting
31	Gravure printing, digital printing on flex, v	73	Steel and steel products with furnaces
32	Heat treatment using oil fired furnace	74	Stone crushers
33	Hot mix plants	75	Surgical and medical products (latex)
34	Ice cream	76	Synthetic detergents and soaps
35	Industry or processes involving foundry operations	77	Synthetic resins
36	Iodized salt from crude/ raw salt	78	Synthetic rubber excluding molding
37	Jute processing without dyeing	79	Tephlon based products
38	large Bakery and confectionery	80	Thermocol manufacturing ( with boiler)
39	Transformer repairing/ manufacturing	81	Thermometer
40	Tyres and tubes vulcanization/ hot retread	82	Tobacco products including cigarettes
41	Vegetable oil manufacturing	83	Tooth powder, toothpaste, talcum powder
42	Wire drawing and wire netting

List of Green category of Industries

Sl. No.	Industry Sector	Sl. No.	Industry Sector
1	Aluminium utensils	36	Ready mix cement concrete
2	Ayurvedic medicines	37	Reprocessing of waste cotton
3	Small Bakery /confectionery	38	Rice mill (Rice hullers only)
4	PP film	39	Rolling mill ( gas fired) and cold rolling mill
5	Biomass briquettes	40	Rubber goods (gas operated baby boiler)
6	Melamine resins	41	Saw mills
7	Brass and bell metal utensils	42	Soap manufacturing
8	Candy	43	Spice Blending
9	Cardboard / corrugated box	44	Spice grinding
10	Carpentry & wooden furniture	45	Steel furniture
11	Cement products	46	Grains processing
12	Ceramic colour by mixing	47	Tyres /tube retreating
13	Chilling plant and ice making	48	Chilling /ice plant
14	Coke briquetting	49	CO2 recovery
15	Small Cotton spinning and weaving	50	Distilled water
16	Dal Mills	51	Small Hotels
17	Decoration of ceramic cups	52	Optical lenses
18	Digital printing on PVC clothes	53	Mineralized water
19	Handling, storage of food grains	54	Tamarind powder
20	Flour mills	55	Marble stone
21	Electrical Glass , ceramic, earthen potteries	56	Emery powder
22	Glue from starch	57	Flyash export
23	Gold and silver smithy	58	Mineral stack yard
24	Non-polluting Heat treatment	59	Oil and gas transportation pipeline
25	Insulation /coated papers	60	Seasoning of wood
26	Leather foot wear /products	61	Synthetic detergent
27	Blending of Lubricating oil, greases	62	Tea processing
28	Pasted veneers	63	Pulverization of bamboo
29	Oil mill Ghani
30	Packing materials
31	Phenyl/toilet cleaner
32	Polythene and plastic products
33	Poultry, Hatchery and Piggery
34	Power looms (without dye and bleaching)
35	Puffed rice (muri) (gas or electrical heating)